supplements

Carnitine

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Carnitine-HealthProfessional/

  • synthesized endogenously in the liver, kidneys, and brain from the amino acids lysine and methionine
  • an essential cofactor that helps transport long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria
  • also helps transport some toxic compounds out of the mitochondria
  • a strict vegetarian diet, for example, synthesizes approximately 14.4 mg/day carnitine - dietary requirement 15mg/d
  • The study found that L-carnitine significantly reduced rates of all-cause mortality, ventricular arrhythmias, and new-onset angina but did not affect risk of heart failure or myocardial reinfarction

Creatine

pomegranate juice

  • Pomegranate contains substantial amount of ellagitannins (a type of polyphenol)
  • polyphenols thought to have role in ACE inhibition as well as increasing NO levels

Red Yeast Rice & statins

  • contains monacolin K - has the same chemical structure as lovastatin
  • same action with same side effects
  • blocks liver HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol production
  • myopathy, hepatotoxicity, and diabetes mellitus being the most common adverse reactions
  • different statins metabolised differently - statin review
    • Fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin have a relatively short half-life.
    • atorvastatin and rosuvastatin have longer half-lives
    • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are excreted into bile and faeces

Monacolin side effects:

  • Digestive issues: Bloating, gas, heartburn, nausea, and stomach pain.
  • Headaches and dizziness: Mild neurological symptoms are frequently reported.
  • Muscle aches: Mild soreness and fatigue in muscles are common.

CoEnzymeQ10