My EM Notes - wiki:infection

Ascariasis

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Ascariasis * caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, a soil-transmitted large nematode * The average life of the adult parasite is 1y, after which it dies, and is spontaneously eliminated. Adult worms do not multiply in the human host * Infection occurs if host ingests eggs found in stool-contaminated soil.

Covid-19

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-01-05T14:12:46+00:00

Covid-19 * Coronaviruses are large, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses * SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is the 3rd coronavirus to cause serious outbreak after SARS and MERS * bats thought to be natural host but transmission thought to be via pangolin

Ebola

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Ebola * Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever * natural hosts - thought to be fruit bats. * rare but severe, often fatal. * Average case fatality rate is around 50%. Has varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks. *

Leptospirosis

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Leptospirosis Biphasic nature of illness and testing * a zoonosis of protean manifestations * spectrum of symptoms is extremely broad * vast majority asymptomatic or mild * febrile illness of sudden onset. * Other: chills, headache, myalgia, abdominal pain, conjunctival suffusion, and less often a skin rash.

Malaria

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Malaria The 5 species of malaria parasites now known to affect humans differ in their geographic distribution: Plasmodium falciparum most common in sub-Saharan Africa and Melanesia (Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands) can cause rapidly progressive and severe illness and death

Mastitis

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Mastitis * defined as inflammation of the breast with or without infection * Mastitis with infection may be lactational (puerperal) or non-lactational (e.g., duct ectasia). * Non-infectious mastitis includes idiopathic granulomatous inflammation and other inflammatory conditions (e.g., foreign body reaction).

Rabies

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-15T21:15:33+00:00

Rabies Infection by lyssavirus through contact with saliva of infected animal - usually dog or bat incubation period varies from weeks to months Clinical Prodrome very much like flu: * headaches * fever * general weakness * numbness or tingling around the bite

Rashes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Rashes Monkeypox vs chickenpox Royal College paediatrics Monkeypox 2022 Gov.uk guidance Monkeypox DerNetNZ Monkeypox Chickenpox Lesions Classically, lesions are all at a similar stage of maturation monkeypox lesions can appear in crops over several days in some individuals appear over several days leading to lesions at different stages at any time.

Septic Shock

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Septic Shock Attention has been drawn to the value of earlier intervention with targets in mind generating the term Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT) especially after the Rivers Trial in 2001 which demonstrated a 16% reduction in mortality with this principle. Other pathological conditions such as MI and stroke have shown benefit from earlier aggressive intervention.

STI

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

STI Sexually Transmitted Infection Presumptive Treatment of NGU with Microscope * Recommended Regimens * Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose, or * Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days Azithromycin and doxycycline are both highly effective for the treatment for chlamydial urethritis. Urethritis associated with M. genitalium responds better to azithromycin, although azithromycin resistance is increasing.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Tuberculosis (TB) * Notifiable (within 3/7)disease * airborne spread by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. * usually only lung infection, but kidney, spine, and brain can be affected. * Not everyone infected becomes sick. * Latent TB - asymptomatic but test +ve. Can become active if immune system compromised. 1:10 will become active at some point

UTI

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

UTI * can result in several clinical syndromes: * acute and chronic pyelonephritis * cystitis * urethritis * epididymitis * prostatitis Men with symptoms of upper UTI more commonly have pathological cause and should be referred for urological assessment

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00

Shingles (Herpes Zoster) * due to reactivation of dormant varicella zoster virus, usually after some form of immuno-compromise eg. age, illness, stress * a mild non-specific 'viral' illness may then precede the rash * vesicles usually crust over ≤10/7 after rash begins and then no longer infectious