https://www.myemnotes.com/ 2026-04-11T01:30:03+00:00 https://www.myemnotes.com/ https://www.myemnotes.com/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=logo.png text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:centralpontinemyelinolysis&rev=1682424970&do=diff Central Pontine Myelinolysis * a concentrated, frequently symmetric, noninflammatory demyelination within the central basis pontis. * In at least 10% of patients demyelination also occurs in extrapontine regions, including the mid brain, thalamus, basal nuclei, and cerebellum. text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:degenerativeneurologyconditions&rev=1682424970&do=diff Degenerative & auto-immune Conditions Parkinsons Eaton Lambert syndrome * a neuromuscular junction disorder which may present as a paraneoplastic phenomenon or a primary autoimmune disorder * antibodies against presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:dizziness&rev=1682424970&do=diff Dizziness * Vertigo * Disequilibrium * Pre-syncope * Light-headedness Vertigo * Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) * Occurs due to problems in the heavy calcium particles (otoliths) present in the vestibular labyrinth * Transient, episodic vertigo is induced by head position changes. text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:epilepsy&rev=1682424970&do=diff Epilepsy * It is important to establish the cause of transient loss of consciousness for which epileptic seizures are of the most common causes. * distinguishing functional, non-epileptic seizures from syncope or true epilepsy is a challenge in the ED text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:functionalneurologicaldisorder&rev=1682424970&do=diff Functional Neurological Disorder Functional Neurological Disorder * one of most common neurological conditions * frequently present as dissociative seizures or stroke like presentations * nearly 10% of hyper-acute stroke unit admissions are said to be FND text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:guillainbarresyndrome&rev=1682424970&do=diff Guillain Barré Syndrome * inflammatory disease of the PNS and most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis * typical presentation - weakness and sensory signs in legs progressing to arms and cranial muscles * clinical presentation is heterogeneous with several distinct clinical variants. text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:headache&rev=1682424970&do=diff Headache Red flags warranting further Ix or referral: * worsening headache with fever * sudden‑onset headache reaching maximum intensity within 5 minutes * new‑onset neurological deficit or cognitive dysfunction * change in personality * text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:meningitis&rev=1682424970&do=diff Meningitis * adults - Bacterial meningitis in the Western world is most often caused by S pneumoniae * children - infection with Neisseria meningitidis is more common * classic triad of fever, nuchal rigidity, and altered mental status in adults text/html 2023-05-10T09:03:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:nentrapments&rev=1683709414&do=diff Neuropathies and entrapments Cranial Nerves Olfactory I smell from mucosa of roof of nasal cavity Optic II sight - retina Oculomotor III motor to sup, inf, med recti, inf oblique, levator palpebrae superioris parasymp to sphincter pupillae and ciliary M's - constriction and accommodation text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:nervemaps&rev=1682424970&do=diff Nerve Maps References include <https://aneskey.com/functional-regional-anesthesia-anatomy/> text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:spinalcordsyndromes&rev=1682424970&do=diff Spinal Cord Syndromes ---------- Brown-Séquard Syndrome [transverse] * uncommon and not often complete * more commonly cervical * transverse hemisection - most often penetrating trauma but may be compression * unilateral cord compression Clinical * text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:stroke_tia&rev=1682424970&do=diff Stroke, TIA Stroke syndromes <https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.2019180126> [CUH TIA referral form] ---------- Brainstem syndromes paresis sensory Coordination Cranial Nerves Weber Syndrome paramedian branches of the basilar artery or posterior cerebral artery Contralat hemi Occ.contralateral parkinsonian rigidity. (if substantia nigra involveed) text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:subarachnoidhaem&rev=1682424970&do=diff Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Common presentations: * Headache (48%) * Dizziness (10%) * Orbital pain (7%) * Diplopia (4%) * Visual loss (4%) * Sudden onset of severe headache - 'thunderclap' * nausea or vomiting * Symptoms of meningeal irritation text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:syncope&rev=1682424970&do=diff Syncope A sudden, transient, self-limited loss of consciousness with an inability to maintain postural tone that is followed by spontaneous recovery. This definition excludes seizures, coma, shock, or other states of altered consciousness. Obtaining a thorough Past History is vital to establishing a likely cause. In at least 50% of cases an underlying cause is not found. text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:transversemyelitis&rev=1682424970&do=diff Acute transverse myelitis acute inflammation of gray and white matter in one or more adjacent spinal cord segments, usually thoracic. Causes: * most commonly multiple sclerosis * neuromyelitis optica, infections, autoimmune or post-infectious (viral) inflammation, vasculitis, and certain drugs (amphtemaines, IV heroin, anti-parasitic/malarial). text/html 2023-04-25T12:16:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:trigeminalneuralgia&rev=1682424970&do=diff Trigeminal Neuralgia * thought due to vascular compression of Trigeminal N, most commonly by superior cerebellar & anterior inferior cerebellar arteries, possibly leading to demyelination * type 1 and type 2. * TN type 1 (TN1) - intense, stabbing pain affecting the mouth, cheek, nose, and/or other areas on one side of the face. text/html 2025-05-21T08:51:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.myemnotes.com/doku.php?id=wiki:neurology:vbi&rev=1747817462&do=diff VBI Vertebro-basilar Insufficiency Brainstem circulation with Cranial Nerve approximation * a clinical syndrome caused by transient ischaemia of the vertebrobasilar circulation, formed by the vertebral and basilar arteries, which forms the posterior circulation of the brain.